https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/stable/current/
这个链接是debian官方提供的linux固件,包括cpu微码和无线网卡驱动。
debian在安装过程中(使用这里的iso: Index of /debian-cd/current/amd64/iso-dvd ),有一步会提示插入包含固件的U盘,如下图:
这个tarballs下载以后是一个单独的文件,比如下载firmware.zip文件;把下载的zip文件解压后,里面有很多DEB文件。
我的问题是,把deb文件拷贝到U盘中,在安装时出现上图提示时把U盘插入,安装程序会自动从多个deb文件查找正确的deb文件,并安装wifi固件么?还是说,需要对相应的deb文件做进一步处理,比如解压?
我在tarballs下载页面上没有找到相关说明~
firmware.zip解压缩后,把里面的所有Deb文件(可借助搜索工具,比如Windows右上角搜索栏可以一次性搜出所有.deb文件,用“*.deb"通配符搜索即可。)
拷贝到U盘的firmware文件夹(没有的可以新建一个)里面,以后从U盘这个U盘安装时就会自动读取U盘上的硬件固件然后自动装好驱动了
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参见安装手册的相关章节:
6.4. 加载缺失的固件 (debian.org)
官方的 CD 映像不含商用的固件。这些固件通常是从移动介质,比如 U 盘来加载。另外,包含这些商用固件的非官方的 CD 位于 Index of /cdimage/unofficial/non-free/cd-including-firmware 。制作这种 U 盘(或者其他的介质,比如硬盘分区或者软盘)时,固件文件或软件包必须放置在文件系统的根目录或者名为 /firmware
的目录下。推荐使用 FAT 文件系统,因为在安装过程的早期阶段它肯定能被支持。
大多数固件的压缩包和 zip 文件可以从这里获得:
下载对应版本的压缩包或 zip 文件,然后解压到介质的文件系统里面。
如果您需要的固件没有包含在压缩包里面,可以从档案库(non-free 部分)下载特定的固件。以下概要列出大多数固件软件包,但不保证完整,有些还是非固件软件包:
也可以复制单独的固件文件到介质。要求不严的固件还可以从已经安装的系统或硬件制造商那里获得。
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明白了,把zip解压后得到的所有deb文件拷贝到u盘根目录或/firmware目录就可以 了,不需要把deb文件再解压。
Debian安装程序会认得这些deb格式的固件文件~
另外纠正一下,根据
u s t a r \040 \040 \0 (for old GNU tar format)
In computing, tar is a computer software utility for collecting many files into one archive file, often referred to as a tarball, for distribution or backup purposes. The name is derived from "tape archive", as it was originally developed to write data to sequential I/O devices with no file system of their own, such as devices that use magnetic tape. The archive data sets created by tar contain various file system parameters, such as name, timest...
In computing, tar is a computer software utility for collecting many files into one archive file, often referred to as a tarball, for distribution or backup purposes.
A tar archive consists of a series of file objects, hence the popular term tarball, referencing how a tarball collects objects of all kinds that stick to its surface.
tarball指的是未压缩或压缩的tar存档文件,固件文件中只有
https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/stable/current/firmware.tar.gz
才是tarball,采用gzip压缩。文件
https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/unofficial/non-free/firmware/stable/current/firmware.cpio.gz
采用了另一种存档格式cpio,同样使用gzip压缩:
cpio is a general file archiver utility and its associated file format. It is primarily installed on Unix-like computer operating systems. The software utility was originally intended as a tape archiving program as part of the Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX), and has been a component of virtually every Unix operating system released thereafter. Its name is derived from the phrase copy in and out, in close description of the program's use of standard input and standard output in its operation.
重装Debian,把firmware.zip解压到U盘/firmware目录(很多.deb文件),安装过程中提示firmware固件的时候,插入U盘,系统能够识别并正确安装了wifi驱动~